Operating device

ABSTRACT

An operating device comprises a base member and an operating member. The base member is configured to be mounted to one of a dropdown portion and a bar end portion of a handlebar. The base member includes a cylinder bore and a reservoir bore. The cylinder bore has a cylinder center axis. The reservoir bore has a reservoir center axis. The operating member is pivotally coupled to the base member about a pivot axis. The cylinder center axis is offset from the reservoir center axis in a pivot axis direction parallel to the pivot axis and in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to both the pivot axis and the cylinder center axis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an operating device.

Discussion of the Background

A human-powered vehicle includes an operating device configured tooperate an operated component of the human-powered vehicle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, an operatingdevice comprises a base member and an operating member. The base memberis configured to be mounted to one of a dropdown portion and a bar endportion of a handlebar. The base member includes a cylinder bore and areservoir bore. The cylinder bore has a cylinder center axis. Thereservoir bore has a reservoir center axis. The operating member ispivotally coupled to the base member about a pivot axis. The cylindercenter axis is offset from the reservoir center axis in a pivot axisdirection parallel to the pivot axis and in a perpendicular directionperpendicular to both the pivot axis and the cylinder center axis.

With the operating device according to the first aspect, it is possibleto effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoir bore in thebase member. This can make the base member compact and/or can make thecylinder bore and/or the reservoir bore larger.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the first aspect is configured so that thepivot axis is provided above the cylinder center axis as viewed alongthe cylinder center axis in a mounting state where the base member ismounted to the handlebar.

With the operating device according to the second aspect, it is possibleto more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoir bore inthe base member.

In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, an operatingdevice comprises a base member and an operating member. The base memberis configured to be mounted to one of a dropdown portion and a bar endportion of a handlebar. The base member includes a cylinder bore and areservoir bore. The cylinder bore has a cylinder center axis. Thereservoir bore has a reservoir center axis. The operating member ispivotally coupled to the base member about a pivot axis. The pivot axisis provided above the cylinder center axis as viewed along the cylindercenter axis in a mounting state where the base member is mounted to thehandlebar. The cylinder center axis is offset from the reservoir centeraxis in a pivot axis direction parallel to the pivot axis.

With the operating device according to the third aspect, it is possibleto effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoir bore in thebase member. This can make the base member compact and/or can make thecylinder bore and/or the reservoir bore larger.

In accordance with a fourth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the third aspect is configured so that thepivot axis is provided above the reservoir center axis as viewed alongthe cylinder center axis in the mounting state.

With the operating device according to the fourth aspect, it is possibleto more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoir bore inthe base member.

In accordance with a fifth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects isconfigured so that the reservoir center axis is provided above thecylinder center axis as viewed along the cylinder center axis in amounting state where the base member is mounted to the handlebar.

With the operating device according to the fifth aspect, it is possibleto more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoir bore inthe base member.

In accordance with a sixth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects isconfigured so that the cylinder center axis extends along the reservoircenter axis.

With the operating device according to the sixth aspect, it is possibleto more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoir bore inthe base member.

In accordance with a seventh aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the sixth aspect is configured so that thecylinder center axis is parallel to the reservoir center axis.

With the operating device according to the seventh aspect, it ispossible to more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoirbore in the base member.

In accordance with an eighth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the first to seventh aspects isconfigured so that the reservoir bore has a cylindrical shape extendingalong the reservoir center axis.

With the operating device according to the eighth aspect, it is possibleto improve productivity of the base member.

In accordance with a ninth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the first to eighth aspects isconfigured so that the cylinder bore has a cylinder maximum innerdiameter. The reservoir bore has a reservoir maximum inner diameter. Afirst offset distance is defined between the cylinder center axis andthe reservoir center axis in the pivot axis direction. The first offsetdistance is smaller than at least one of the cylinder maximum innerdiameter and the reservoir maximum inner diameter.

With the operating device according to the ninth aspect, it is possibleto more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoir bore inthe base member.

In accordance with a tenth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the ninth aspect is configured so that thefirst offset distance is smaller than at least one of a half of thecylinder maximum inner diameter and a half of the reservoir maximuminner diameter.

With the operating device according to the tenth aspect, it is possibleto more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoir bore inthe base member.

In accordance with an eleventh aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the ninth or tenth aspect is configured sothat a second offset distance is defined between the cylinder centeraxis and the reservoir center axis in the perpendicular directionperpendicular to both the pivot axis and the cylinder center axis. Thefirst offset distance is smaller the second offset distance.

With the operating device according to the eleventh aspect, it ispossible to more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoirbore in the base member.

In accordance with a twelfth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the eleventh aspect is configured so thatthe second offset distance is larger than at least one of a half of thecylinder maximum inner diameter and a half of the reservoir maximuminner diameter.

With the operating device according to the twelfth aspect, it ispossible to more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoirbore in the base member.

In accordance with a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the twelfth aspect is configured so thatthe second offset distance is larger than at least one of the cylindermaximum inner diameter and the reservoir maximum inner diameter.

With the operating device according to the thirteenth aspect, it ispossible to more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoirbore in the base member.

In accordance with a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspectsis configured so that the cylinder bore has a cylinder maximum innerdiameter. The reservoir bore has a reservoir maximum inner diameter. Thereservoir maximum inner diameter is larger than the cylinder maximuminner diameter.

With the operating device according to the fourteenth aspect, it ispossible to more effectively arrange the cylinder bore and the reservoirbore in the base member.

In accordance with a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, anoperating device comprises a base member, an operating member, and apiston. The base member includes a cylinder bore and a hole. Thecylinder bore has a cylinder center axis. The hole extends from thecylinder bore to an end opening. The end opening is provided below thecylinder center axis in a mounting state where the base member ismounted to a handlebar. The operating member is pivotally coupled to thebase member about a pivot axis. The piston is movably provided in thecylinder bore and is operatively coupled to the operating member to moverelative to the base member in response to a pivotal movement of theoperating member.

With the operating device according to the fifteenth aspect, it ispossible to form another hole by using the hole, for example.

In accordance with a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the fifteenth aspect is configured so thatthe hole has a hole center axis inclined relative to a reference planeperpendicular to the pivot axis as viewed along the cylinder centeraxis.

With the operating device according to the sixteenth aspect, it ispossible to avoid the reservoir bore when another hole is formed.

In accordance with a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the fifteenth or sixteenth aspect furthercomprises a plug provided in the hole to close the hole.

With the operating device according to the seventeenth aspect, it ispossible to close the hole by the plug.

In accordance with an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the seventeenth aspect is configured sothat the plug is provided between the cylinder bore and the end opening.

With the operating device according to the eighteenth aspect, it ispossible to prevent the plug from protruding from the base member.

In accordance with a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the seventeenth or eighteenth aspect isconfigured so that the plug is provided below the cylinder center axisin the mounting state.

With the operating device according to the nineteenth aspect, it ispossible to easily remove air around the plug.

In accordance with a twentieth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the seventeenth to nineteenthaspects is configured so that the hole includes a threaded hole. Theplug includes an externally threaded part threadedly engaged in thethreaded hole.

With the operating device according to the twentieth aspect, it ispossible to reliably close the hole by the plug.

In accordance with a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the seventeenth to twentiethaspect further comprises a stop pin attached to the base member. Theplug is provided between the cylinder bore and the stop pin.

With the operating device according to the twenty-first aspect, the stoppin can stably position the plug on the base member.

In accordance with a twenty-second aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the fifteenth to twenty-firstaspects is configured so that the base member includes an additionalhole extending from the cylinder bore toward an opposite side of thehole.

With the operating device according to the twenty-second aspect, it ispossible to form the additional hole by using the hole.

In accordance with a twenty-third aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the twenty-second aspect is configured sothat the additional hole has an additional-hole center axis coaxial withthe hole center axis.

With the operating device according to the twenty-third aspect, it ispossible to easily form the additional hole by using the hole.

In accordance with a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the twenty-second or twenty-third aspectis configured so that the base member includes an output passageway. Theadditional hole connects the cylinder bore to the output passageway.

With the operating device according to the twenty-fourth aspect, it ispossible to connect the cylinder bore to the output passageway throughthe additional hole.

In accordance with a twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the twenty-second totwenty-fourth aspects is configured so that the base member includes areservoir bore. The additional hole extends from the cylinder bore toavoid the reservoir bore as viewed along the cylinder center axis.

With the operating device according to the twenty-fifth aspect, it ispossible to avoid interference between the additional hole and thereservoir bore.

In accordance with a twenty-sixth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the first to twenty-fifthaspects is configured so that the base member includes a first endportion, a second end portion, and a grip portion. The first end portionis configured to be coupled to the handlebar. The second end portion isopposite to the first end portion. The grip portion is provided betweenthe first end portion and the second end portion.

With the operating device according to the twenty-sixth aspect, it ispossible to apply the base member to the operating device configured tobe mounted to a dropdown handlebar, for example.

In accordance with a twenty-seventh aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to any one of the first to twenty-sixthaspects further comprises an electrical switch configured to receive auser input.

With the operating device according to the twenty-seventh aspect, it ispossible to operate an electric device.

In accordance with a twenty-eighth aspect of the present invention, theoperating device according to the twenty-seventh aspect is configured sothat the electrical switch is provided on the operating member.

With the operating device according to the twenty-eighth aspect, it ispossible to arrange the electrical switch in a position where the usercan easily operate the electrical switch.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendantadvantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description whenconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an operating device in accordance with afirst embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the operating device illustrated inFIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the operating device taken alongline of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the operating device illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is another perspective view of the operating device illustratedin FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the operating device in accordancewith a modification of the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of the operating device in accordancewith another modification of the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the operating device in accordancewith another modification of the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is another side elevational view of the operating deviceillustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged side elevational view of the operatingdevice illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 11 is another partial enlarged side elevational view of theoperating device illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the operating device taken alongline XII-XII of FIG. 4.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the operating device taken alongline XIII-XIII of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a partial enlarged side elevational view of the operatingdevice illustrated in FIG. 1, with a grip cover omitted.

FIG. 15 is another partial enlarged side elevational view of theoperating device illustrated in FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 16 is another partial enlarged side elevational view of theoperating device illustrated in FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 17 is another partial enlarged side elevational view of theoperating device illustrated in FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 18 is another perspective view of the operating device illustratedin FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the operating device taken alongline XIX-XIX of FIG. 12.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the operating device taken alongline XX-XX of FIG. 12.

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the operating device taken alongline XXI-XXI of FIG. 12.

FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of the operating deviceillustrated in FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 23 is another perspective view of the operating device illustratedin FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 24 is a top view of the operating device illustrated in FIG. 1,with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 25 is a partial perspective view of the operating deviceillustrated in FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 26 is an exploded perspective view of the operating deviceillustrated in FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 27 is a schematic block diaphragm of the operating deviceillustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the operating device taken alongline XXVIII-XXVIII of FIG. 26.

FIG. 29 is a partial side elevational view of the operating deviceillustrated in FIG. 1, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 30 is a partial side elevational view of an operating device inaccordance with a second embodiment, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 31 is another partial side elevational view of the operating deviceillustrated in FIG. 29, with the grip cover omitted.

FIG. 32 is a front view of an operating device in accordance with athird embodiment.

FIG. 33 is a side elevational view of the operating device illustratedin FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is a top view of an operating device in accordance with a fourthembodiment.

FIG. 35 is a top view of an operating device in accordance with amodification of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of a grip cover of the operatingdevice taken along line XXXVI-XXXVI of FIG. 34.

FIG. 37 is a top view of an operating device in accordance with a fifthembodiment.

FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view of a grip cover of the operatingdevice taken along line XXXVIII-XXXVIII of FIG. 37.

FIG. 39 is a top view of an operating device in accordance with a sixthembodiment.

FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of a grip cover of the operatingdevice taken along line XL-XL of FIG. 39.

FIG. 41 is a top view of an operating device in accordance with aseventh embodiment.

FIG. 42 is a top view of an operating device in accordance with aneighth embodiment.

FIG. 43 is a top view of an operating device in accordance with a ninthembodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The embodiment(s) will now be described with reference to theaccompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designatecorresponding or identical elements throughout the various drawings.

First Embodiment

As seen in FIG. 1, an operating device 10 in accordance with a firstembodiment is configured to be mounted to a handlebar HB of ahuman-powered vehicle VH. The operating device 10 is configured to beconnected to a hydraulic operated device 2 with a hydraulic hose 3. Theoperating device 10 is configured to be connected to an electric device4 with an electric control cable 5. The operating device 10 isconfigured to be connected to an electric device 6 with the electriccontrol cable 5. In this embodiment, the hydraulic operated device 2includes a brake caliper. The electric device 4 includes an electricshifting device configured to change a gear position of thehuman-powered vehicle VH. The electric device 6 includes an additionaldevice (e.g., an adjustable seatpost) other than the electric shiftingdevice. However, the hydraulic operated device 2 is not limited to thebrake caliper. The electric device 4 is not limited to the electricshifting device. The electric device 6 is not limited to the adjustableseatpost. In this embodiment, the operating device 10 is a right-handside operating device. However, the operating device 10 can be aleft-hand side operating device.

In the present application, the following directional terms “front,”“rear,” “forward,” “rearward,” “left,” “right,” “transverse,” “upward”and “downward” as well as any other similar directional terms refer tothose directions which are determined on the basis of a user (e.g., arider) who sits on a saddle of the human-powered vehicle VH (e.g., abicycle) with facing the handlebar HB. Accordingly, these terms, asutilized to describe the operating device 10, should be interpretedrelative to the human-powered vehicle VH (e.g., a bicycle) equipped withthe operating device 10 as used in an upright riding position on ahorizontal surface.

For example, the human-powered vehicle VH is a vehicle to travel with amotive power including at least a human power of a rider who rides thehuman-powered vehicle VH. The human-powered vehicle VH has an arbitrarynumber of wheels. For example, the human-powered vehicle VH has at leastone wheel. In this embodiment, the human-powered vehicle VH preferablyhas a smaller size than that of a four-wheeled automobile. However, thehuman-powered vehicle VH can have an arbitrary size. For example, thehuman-powered vehicle VH can have a larger size than that of thefour-wheeled automobile. Examples of the human-powered vehicle VHinclude a bicycle, a tricycle, and a kick scooter. In this embodiment,the human-powered vehicle VH is a bicycle. An electric assisting systemincluding an electric motor can be applied to the human-powered vehicleVH (e.g., the bicycle) to assist muscular motive power of the rider.Namely, the human-powered vehicle VH can be an E-bike.

The operating device 10 comprises a base member 12 and an operatingmember 14. The operating member 14 is pivotally coupled to the basemember 12 about a pivot axis A1. The base member 12 is configured to bemounted to one of a dropdown portion and a bar end portion of ahandlebar. In this embodiment, the base member 12 is configured to bemounted to a dropdown portion HB1 of the handlebar HB. However, the basemember 12 can be configured to be mounted to a bar end portion of ahandlebar.

The operating member 14 includes a proximal end 14A and a distal end 14Bopposite to the proximal end 14A. The operating member 14 is pivotallycoupled to the base member 12 at the proximal end 14A about the pivotaxis A1. The operating member 14 extends from the proximal end 14A tothe distal end 14B. The distal end 14B constitutes a free end of theoperating member 14. A pivot axis direction D1 is parallel to the pivotaxis A1.

As seen in FIG. 2, the operating member 14 includes a lever recess 14Cprovided between the proximal end 14A and the distal end 14B to receivea rider's finger (digit). The operating member 14 includes a projection14D provided between the proximal end 14A and the lever recess 14C. Inthis embodiment, the operating member 14 includes a contact surface 14C1provided in the lever recess 14C to be contactable with the rider'sfinger (digit). The contact surface 14C1 has a substantially linearoutline as viewed along the pivot axis A1.

As seen in FIG. 3, the contact surface 14C1 has a curved convex outlinein a cross-sectional view. Namely, the contact surface 14C1 includes acurved convex surface. However, the contact surface 14C1 can include aflat surface or other type of surface instead of or in addition to thecurved surface.

The operating member 14 can at least partly have a surface treatment tosuppress the slip of the rider's finger relative to the operating member14. Examples of such surface treatment include an anti-skid coating(e.g., rubber coating or rubber like coating) and a roughness treatment(e.g., shot blasting). Such surface treatment can be provided on thecontact surface 14C1 or other surfaces of the operating member 14.

As seen in FIG. 2, the operating member 14 is pivotable relative to thebase member 12 about the pivot axis A1 from a rest position P11 to anoperated position P12. In the present application, the term “restposition” as used herein refers to a position at which a movable partsuch as the operating member 14 remains stationary in a state where themovable part is not operated by the user. The term “operated position”as used herein refers to a position at which the movable part has beenoperated by the user to perform the operation of the hydraulic operateddevice 2.

The base member 12 includes a first end portion 16, a second end portion18, and a grip portion 20. The first end portion 16 is configured to becoupled to the handlebar HB. The first end portion 16 includes ahandlebar contact surface 16A configured to be in contact with thehandlebar HB in a state where the first end portion 16 is coupled to thehandlebar HB. The second end portion 18 is opposite to the first endportion 16. The grip portion 20 is provided between the first endportion 16 and the second end portion 18. The base member 12 extendsbetween the first end portion 16 and the second end portion 18 in alongitudinal direction D2 perpendicular to the pivot axis A1. In thisembodiment, the base member 12 includes a pommel portion 21. The pommelportion 21 is provided at the second end portion 18. The pommel portion21 forwardly upwardly extends from the second end portion 18 in amounting state where the base member 12 is mounted to the handlebar HB.The pommel portion 21 can be omitted from the base member 12.

As seen in FIG. 4, the base member 12 includes a first lateral surface22 and a second lateral surface 24. The second lateral surface 24 isprovided on a reverse side of the first lateral surface 22 in the pivotaxis direction D1 parallel to the pivot axis A1. The first lateralsurface 22 faces in the pivot axis direction D1. The second lateralsurface 24 faces in the pivot axis direction D1.

In this embodiment, the first lateral surface 22 faces in a first pivotaxis direction D11 defined parallel to the pivot axis direction D1. Thesecond lateral surface 24 faces in a second pivot axis direction D12defined parallel to the pivot axis direction D1. The second pivot axisdirection D12 is an opposite direction of the first pivot axis directionD11. The first lateral surface 22 faces a vehicle-center plane CP of thehuman-powered vehicle VH in a mounting state where the operating device10 is mounted to the handlebar HB (FIG. 1). The vehicle-center plane CPis perpendicular to the pivot axis A1 in the mounting state. The firstlateral surface 22 is provided closer to the vehicle-center plane CPthan the second lateral surface 24 in the pivot axis direction D1 in themounting state.

As seen in FIG. 5, the base member 12 includes a first positioningportion 26. The first positioning portion 26 can also be referred to asa first holding portion 26. The first positioning (holding) portion 26is provided on the first lateral surface 22. The first positioningportion 26 is configured to position a rider's finger F (FIG. 4) (at thefirst lateral surface 22).

As seen in FIG. 4, the rider's finger F includes a thumb F1 of therider. The first positioning portion 26 is configured to position thethumb F1 of the rider. However, the first positioning portion 26 can beconfigured to position a finger other than the thumb F1. In thisembodiment, the rider's finger F can also be referred to as a rider'sdigit F.

In this embodiment, the first positioning portion 26 includes a firstrecess 28. The first recess 28 is configured to position the rider'sfinger F. The first recess 28 is configured to position the thumb F1 ofthe rider. However, the first recess 28 can be configured to position afinger other than the thumb F1.

The lever recess 14C is provided between the proximal end 14A and thedistal end 14B to receive at least one rider's finger F. The operatingmember 14 includes a first side surface 14E and a second side surface14F. The first side surface 14E faces in the pivot axis direction D1.The second side surface 14F faces in the pivot axis direction D1. Thesecond side surface 14F is provided on a reverse side of the first sidesurface 14E in the pivot axis direction D1. The first side surface 14Eis provided closer to the first lateral surface 22 than the second sidesurface 14F in the pivot axis direction D1. The second side surface 14Fis provided closer to the second lateral surface 24 than the first sidesurface 14E in the pivot axis direction D1. The lever recess 14C extendsfrom the first side surface 14E to the second side surface 14F in thepivot axis direction D1.

The lever recess 14C includes a first recess end line 14G and a secondrecess end line 14H. The first recess end line 14G is provided betweenthe proximal end 14A and the second recess end line 14H. The secondrecess end line 14H is provided between the distal end 14B and the firstrecess end line 14G.

The first recess end line 14G includes a first end point 14G1 and afirst additional end point 14G2. The first recess end line 14G extendsfrom the first end point 14G1 to the first additional end point 14G2.The first end point 14G1 is closer to the first side surface 14E thanthe first additional end point 14G2 in the pivot axis direction D1. Thefirst recess end line 14G is inclined relative to the pivot axisdirection D1 such that the first additional end point 14G2 is closer tothe proximal end 14A than the first end point 14G1. However, the firstrecess end line 14G can be substantially parallel to the pivot axisdirection D1, and a distance from the first additional end point 14G2 tothe proximal end 14A can be equal to a distance from the first end point14G1 to the proximal end 14A.

The second recess end line 14H includes a second end point 14H1 and asecond additional end point 14H2. The second recess end line 14H extendsfrom the second end point 14H1 to the second additional end point 14H2.The second end point 14H1 is closer to the first side surface 14E thanthe second additional end point 14H2 in the pivot axis direction D1. Thesecond recess end line 14H is inclined relative to the pivot axisdirection D1 such that the second additional end point 14H2 is closer tothe proximal end 14A than the second end point 14H1. However, the secondrecess end line 14H can be substantially parallel to the pivot axisdirection D1, and a distance from the second additional end point 14H2to the proximal end 14A can be equal to a distance from the second endpoint 14H1 to the proximal end 14A.

In this embodiment, as seen in FIG. 2, the operating member 14 includesthe lever recess 14C and the projection 14D. As seen in FIG. 6, however,the lever recess 14C can be omitted from the operating member 14. Asseen in FIG. 7, the projection 14D can be omitted from the operatingmember 14. As seen in FIG. 8, both the lever recess 14C and theprojection 14D can be omitted from the operating member 14.

As seen in FIG. 5, the base member 12 includes a first lateralprotuberance 30. The first lateral protuberance 30 is provided on thefirst lateral surface 22 to define the first positioning portion 26 atleast partly. In this embodiment, the first lateral protuberance 30 isprovided on the first lateral surface 22 to define the first positioningportion 26 entirely. However, the first lateral protuberance 30 can beprovided on the first lateral surface 22 to define the first positioningportion 26 partly.

As seen in FIG. 1, the base member 12 further includes a secondpositioning portion 32. The second positioning portion 32 is provided onthe second lateral surface 24. The second positioning portion 32 isconfigured to position a rider's another finger F (FIG. 4).

As seen in FIG. 4, the rider's another finger F includes an index fingerF2 of the rider. The second positioning portion 32 is configured toposition the index finger F2 of the rider. However, the secondpositioning portion 32 can be configured to position a finger other thanthe index finger F2.

In this embodiment, the second positioning portion 32 includes a secondrecess 34. The second recess 34 is configured to position the rider'sanother finger F. The second recess 34 is configured to position theindex finger F2 of the rider. However, the second recess 34 can beconfigured to position a finger other than the index finger F2.

As seen in FIG. 1, the base member 12 includes a second lateralprotuberance 36. The second lateral protuberance 36 is provided on thesecond lateral surface 24 to define the second positioning portion 32 atleast partly. In this embodiment, the second lateral protuberance 36 isprovided on the second lateral surface 24 to define the secondpositioning portion 32 entirely. However, the second lateralprotuberance 36 can be provided on the second lateral surface 24 todefine the second positioning portion 32 partly.

As seen in FIG. 4, the first lateral surface 22 has a first ridge lineRL11 as viewed in the longitudinal direction D2 (FIG. 2). The secondlateral surface 24 has a second ridge line RL21 as viewed in thelongitudinal direction D2. The first recess 28 is recessed from thefirst ridge line RL11 of the first lateral surface 22 in the pivot axisdirection D1 as viewed in the longitudinal direction D2. The secondrecess 34 is recessed from the second ridge line RL21 of the secondlateral surface 24 in the pivot axis direction D1 as viewed in thelongitudinal direction D2.

As seen in FIG. 10, the first positioning portion 26 has a first areaAR11 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. The first area AR11 is indicatedwith a chain line. As seen in FIG. 11, the second positioning portion 32has a second area AR21 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. The secondarea AR21 is indicated with a chain double-dashed line. As seen in FIGS.10 and 11, the first area AR11 of the first positioning portion 26 atleast partly overlaps with the second area AR21 of the secondpositioning portion 32 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. In thisembodiment, the first area AR11 of the first positioning portion 26partly overlaps with the second area AR21 of the second positioningportion as viewed along the pivot axis A1. However, the first area AR11of the first positioning portion 26 can entirely overlap with the secondarea AR21 of the second positioning portion as viewed along the pivotaxis A1.

As seen in FIG. 10, the first recess 28 has a first recess area AR12 asviewed along the pivot axis A1. The first recess area AR12 is indicatedwith a dot-line. As seen in FIG. 11, the second recess 34 has a secondrecess area AR22 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. The second recessarea AR22 is indicated with a dot-line. As seen in FIGS. 10 and 11, thefirst recess area AR12 of the first recess 28 at least partly overlapswith the second recess area AR22 of the second recess 34 as viewed alongthe pivot axis A1. In this embodiment, the first recess area AR12 of thefirst recess 28 entirely overlaps with the second recess area AR22 ofthe second positioning portion as viewed along the pivot axis A1.However, the first recess area AR12 of the first recess 28 can partlyoverlap with the second recess area AR22 of the second positioningportion as viewed along the pivot axis A1.

As seen in FIG. 12, the base member 12 includes a base body 38 and agrip cover 40. The grip cover 40 is attached to the base body 38 to atleast partly cover the base body 38. In this embodiment, the grip cover40 is attached to the base body 38 to entirely cover the base body 38.The grip cover 40 is detachably attached to the base body 38. However,the grip cover 40 can be attached to the base body 38 to partly coverthe base body 38. The grip cover 40 can also be referred to as a covermember 40.

As seen in FIG. 4, the grip cover 40 (cover member) for the operatingdevice 10 including the operating member 14 pivotally arranged about thepivot axis A1 comprises the first lateral surface 22, the second lateralsurface 24, and the first positioning portion 26. Namely, the grip cover40 includes the first lateral surface 22 and the first positioningportion 26. The grip cover 40 includes the second lateral surface 24 andthe second positioning portion 32. However, the grip cover 40 can beomitted from the base member 12. In such embodiments, the base body 38can include the first lateral surface 22 and the first positioningportion 26. The base body 38 includes the second lateral surface 24 andthe second positioning portion 32.

As seen in FIG. 13, the second positioning portion 32 is asymmetric tothe first positioning portion 26 relative to a reference plane RPperpendicular to the pivot axis A1. However, the second positioningportion 32 can be symmetric to the first positioning portion 26 relativeto the reference plane RP. The reference plane RP is defined to bisect adistance L1 between the first positioning portion 26 and the secondpositioning portion 32 in the pivot axis direction D1.

The base body 38 includes a first additional lateral surface 42 and afirst additional positioning portion 44. The first additional lateralsurface 42 is at least partly covered with the grip cover 40. The firstadditional positioning portion 44 is provided on the first additionallateral surface 42. The first additional positioning portion 44 includesa first additional recess 46. The first additional positioning portion44 includes a first additional lateral protuberance 47. The firstadditional lateral protuberance 47 is provided on the first additionallateral surface 42 to define the first additional recess 46 at leastpartly. In this embodiment, the first additional lateral surface 42 isentirely covered with the grip cover 40. The first additional lateralprotuberance 47 is provided on the first additional lateral surface 42to define the first additional recess 46 entirely. However, the firstadditional lateral surface 42 can be partly covered with the grip cover40. The first additional lateral protuberance 47 can be provided on thefirst additional lateral surface 42 to define the first additionalrecess 46 partly.

The base body 38 includes a second additional lateral surface 48. Thebase body 38 includes a second additional positioning portion 50. Thesecond additional lateral surface 48 is at least partly covered with thegrip cover 40. The second additional positioning portion 50 is providedon the second additional lateral surface 48. The second additionalpositioning portion 50 includes a second additional recess 52. Thesecond additional positioning portion 50 includes a second additionallateral protuberance 53. The second additional lateral protuberance 53is provided on the second additional lateral surface 48 to define thesecond additional recess 52 at least partly. In this embodiment, thesecond additional lateral surface 48 is entirely covered with the gripcover 40. The second additional lateral protuberance 53 is provided onthe second additional lateral surface 48 to define the second additionalrecess 52 entirely. However, the second additional lateral surface 48can be partly covered with the grip cover 40. The second additionallateral protuberance 53 can be provided on the second additional lateralsurface 48 to define the second additional recess 52 partly.

The grip cover 40 includes a first inner surface 56 and a second innersurface 58. The first inner surface 56 is provided on a reverse side ofthe first lateral surface 22 in the pivot axis direction D1. The firstinner surface 56 faces the first additional lateral surface 42 in astate where the grip cover 40 is attached to the base body 38. Thesecond inner surface 58 is provided on a reverse side of the secondlateral surface 24 in the pivot axis direction D1. The second innersurface 58 is spaced apart from the first inner surface 56 in the pivotaxis direction D1. The second inner surface 58 faces the secondadditional lateral surface 48 in the state where the grip cover 40 isattached to the base body 38. In this embodiment, the first innersurface 56 is in contact with the first additional lateral surface 42 inthe state where the grip cover 40 is attached to the base body 38. Thesecond inner surface 58 is in contact with the second additional lateralsurface 48 in the state where the grip cover 40 is attached to the basebody 38.

The grip cover 40 includes a first inner protuberance 60. The firstinner protuberance 60 is provided on the first inner surface 56. Thefirst inner protuberance 60 is provided in the first additionalpositioning portion 44 in the state where the grip cover 40 is attachedto the base body 38. The first inner protuberance 60 is provided in thefirst additional recess 46 in the state where the grip cover 40 isattached to the base body 38. The first inner protuberance 60 has ashape complementary with the first additional recess 46.

The grip cover 40 includes a second inner protuberance 62. The secondinner protuberance 62 is provided on the second inner surface 58. Thesecond inner protuberance 62 is provided in the second additionalpositioning portion 50 in the state where the grip cover 40 is attachedto the base body 38. The second inner protuberance 62 is provided in thesecond additional recess 52 in the state where the grip cover 40 isattached to the base body 38. The second inner protuberance 62 has ashape complementary with the second additional recess 52.

As seen in FIG. 14, the first additional positioning portion 44 has afirst additional area AR13 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. The firstadditional area AR13 is indicated with a chain line different from thechain line of the first area AR11. The first area AR11 of the firstpositioning portion 26 at least partly overlaps with the firstadditional area AR13 of the first additional positioning portion 44 asviewed along the pivot axis A1. In this embodiment, the first area AR11of the first positioning portion 26 partly overlaps with the firstadditional area AR13 of the first additional positioning portion 44 asviewed along the pivot axis A1. However, the first area AR11 of thefirst positioning portion 26 can entirely overlap with the firstadditional area AR13 of the first additional positioning portion 44 asviewed along the pivot axis A1.

As seen in FIG. 15, the second additional positioning portion 50 has asecond additional area AR23 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. Thesecond additional area AR23 is indicated with a chain double-dashed linedifferent from the chain double-dashed line of the second area AR21. Thesecond area AR21 of the second positioning portion 32 at least partlyoverlaps with the second additional area AR23 of the second additionalpositioning portion 50 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. In thisembodiment, the second area AR21 of the second positioning portion 32partly overlaps with the second additional area AR23 of the secondadditional positioning portion 50 as viewed along the pivot axis A1.However, the second area AR21 of the second positioning portion 32 canentirely overlap with the second additional area AR23 of the secondadditional positioning portion 50 as viewed along the pivot axis A1.

As seen in FIG. 16, the first area AR11 at least partly overlaps withthe first additional area AR13, the second area AR21, and the secondadditional area AR23 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. In thisembodiment, the first area AR11 partly overlaps with the firstadditional area AR13, the second area AR21, and the second additionalarea AR23 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. However, the first areaAR11 can entirely overlap with the first additional area AR13, thesecond area AR21, and the second additional area AR23 as viewed alongthe pivot axis A1.

As seen in FIG. 17, the second area AR21 at least partly overlaps withthe first area AR11, the first additional area AR13, and the secondadditional area AR23 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. In thisembodiment, the second area AR21 partly overlaps with the first areaAR11, the first additional area AR13, and the second additional areaAR23 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. However, the second area AR21can entirely overlap with the first area AR11, the first additional areaAR13, and the second additional area AR23 as viewed along the pivot axisA1.

As seen in FIG. 12, the operating device 10 comprises a mounting member64. The mounting member 64 is configured to couple the base member 12 tothe handlebar HB. In this embodiment, the mounting member 64 is attachedto the base body 38 of the base member 12. The mounting member 64includes a clamp band 66 and a tightening structure 68. The tighteningstructure 68 is coupled to the clamp band 66 to tighten the clamp band66.

As seen in FIG. 18, the tightening structure 68 includes a clamp bolt 70and a clamp nut 72. The clamp bolt 70 is coupled to the clamp band 66.The clamp nut 72 is threadedly engaged with the clamp bolt 70.

As seen in FIG. 9, the base member 12 includes a reference surface 74.The reference surface 74 is configured to face upwardly in a mountingstate where the first end portion 16 is coupled to the handlebar HB. Thepommel portion 21 extends upwardly from the second end portion 18 in themounting state. The pommel portion 21 is at least partly provided abovethe reference surface 74 in the mounting state. In this embodiment, thepommel portion 21 is partly provided above the reference surface 74 inthe mounting state. However, the pommel portion 21 can be entirelyprovided above the reference surface 74 in the mounting surface.

The base member 12 includes a reverse surface 76. The reverse surface 76is provided on a reverse side of the reference surface 74. The firstpositioning portion 26 is provided between the pommel portion 21 and thereverse surface 76 as viewed along the pivot axis A1. The reversesurface 76 is provided below the reference surface 74 in the mountingstate.

The pommel portion 21 includes a first surface 78 and a second surface80 provided farther from the first end portion 16 than the first surface78. The base member 12 includes a curved surface 81 provided between thefirst surface 78 and the reference surface 74. A first angle AG1 isdefined between the first surface 78 and the reference surface 74 and isequal to or smaller than 110 degrees. The first angle AG1 is equal to orsmaller than 100 degrees. The first angle AG1 is equal to or larger than70 degrees. The first angle AG1 is equal to or larger than 80 degrees.In this embodiment, the first angle AG1 is 92 degrees. However, thefirst angle AG1 is not limited to this embodiment and the above ranges.

A first axis distance AD1 is defined between the pivot axis A1 and thesecond end portion 18 in the longitudinal direction D2. The first axisdistance AD1 is a maximum distance between the pivot axis A1 and thesecond end portion 18 in the longitudinal direction D2. The first axisdistance AD1 ranges from 20 mm to 25 mm. In this embodiment, the firstaxis distance AD1 is 22.9 mm. However, the first axis distance AD1 isnot limited to this embodiment and the above range.

A second axis distance AD2 is defined between the pivot axis A1 and thecurved surface 81. The second axis distance AD2 is a minimum distancebetween the pivot axis A1 and the curved surface 81. The second axisdistance AD2 ranges from 20 mm to 28 mm. In this embodiment, the secondaxis distance AD2 is 24.4 mm. However, the second axis distance AD2 isnot limited to this embodiment and the above range.

A third axis distance AD3 is defined between the pivot axis A1 and thehandlebar contact surface 16A of the first end portion 16 in thelongitudinal direction D2. The third axis distance AD3 is a minimumdistance between the pivot axis A1 and the handlebar contact surface 16Aof the first end portion 16 in the longitudinal direction D2. The thirdaxis distance AD3 ranges from 57 mm to 69 mm. In this embodiment, thethird axis distance AD3 is 63 mm. However, the third axis distance AD3is not limited to this embodiment and the above range. The third axisdistance AD3 is larger than the first axis distance AD1 and the secondaxis distance AD2. However, the third axis distance AD3 can be equal toor smaller than at least one of the first axis distance AD1 and thesecond axis distance AD2.

As seen in FIG. 12, the operating device 10 further comprises a piston82. The base member 12 includes a cylinder bore 83. The cylinder bore 83has a cylinder center axis A2. The cylinder bore 83 extends along thecylinder center axis A2. The piston 82 is movably provided in thecylinder bore 83. The piston 82 is operatively coupled to the operatingmember 14 to move relative to the base member 12 in response to apivotal movement of the operating member 14.

In this embodiment, the piston 82 is coupled to the operating member 14to be pushed in response to the pivotal movement of the operating member14 from the rest position P11 toward the operated position P12. However,the piston 82 can be coupled to the operating member 14 to be pulled inresponse to the pivotal movement of the operating member 14 from therest position P11 toward the operated position P12.

The piston 82 is movable relative to the base member 12 between aninitial position P21 and an actuated position P22. The piston 82 is inthe initial position P21 in the rest state where the operating member 14is in the rest position P11. The piston 82 is in the actuated positionP22 in the operated state where the operating member 14 is in theoperated position P12.

The operating device 10 comprises a first seal member 84 and a secondseal member 86. The first seal member 84 and the second seal member 86are attached to the piston 82. The piston 82, the first seal member 84,and the cylinder bore 83 define a hydraulic chamber 88.

The operating device 10 comprises a first biasing member 90, a pistonrod 92, and a coupling rod 94. The first biasing member 90 is providedin the hydraulic chamber 88 to bias the piston 82 toward the initialposition P21. The piston rod 92 couples the piston 82 to the couplingrod 94. The piston rod 92 is pivotally coupled to the piston 82 and ispivotally coupled to the coupling rod 94.

As seen in FIGS. 14 and 15, the base member 12 includes a first guidegroove 96 and a second guide groove 98. As seen in FIG. 13, the couplingrod 94 includes a first end 94A and a second end 94B. The coupling rod94 extends between the first end 94A and the second end 94B. The firstend 94A of the coupling rod 94 is movably provided in the first guidegroove 96. The second end 94B of the coupling rod 94 is movably providedin the second guide groove 98.

The operating device 10 comprises a pivot pin 100. The base body 38 ofthe base member 12 includes pivot holes 101A and 101B. The pivot pin 100defines the pivot axis A1. Both ends of the pivot pin 100 are providedin the pivot holes 101A and 101B. The pivot pin 100 pivotally couplesthe operating member 14 to the base member 12 about the pivot axis A1.

As seen in FIG. 12, the operating device 10 further comprises anadjustment structure 102 configured to adjust the rest position P11 ofthe operating member 14 with respect to the base member 12. Theadjustment structure 102 operatively couples the operating member 14 tothe piston 82. The adjustment structure 102 includes an intermediatemember 104 and an adjustment screw 106.

As seen in FIG. 13, the intermediate member 104 is pivotally coupled tothe operating member 14 about the pivot axis A1. As seen in FIG. 12, theintermediate member 104 is in contact with the coupling rod 94. Theadjustment screw 106 is attached to the operating member 14 to change arelative position between the intermediate member 104 and the operatingmember 14. The adjustment screw 106 is in contact with the intermediatemember 104. The operating member 14 includes a threaded hole 108. Theadjustment screw 106 is threadedly engaged in the threaded hole 108 ofthe operating member 14. The adjustment screw 106 includes a toolengagement hole 106A configured to be engaged with a tool such as ahexagonal wrench.

As seen in FIG. 19, the adjustment screw 106 has a center axis A6. Theadjustment structure 102 includes a half stopper 109. The half stopper109 is attached to the operating member 14 to prevent the adjustmentscrew 106 from being unintentionally removed from the operating member14. The operating member 14 includes a groove 102A. The half stopper 109is provided in the groove 102A. The operating member 14 includes a cablerecess 14R. The cable recess 14R is provided on an opposite side of thehalf stopper 109 relative to the adjustment screw 106. The control cable154 (described later) extends through the cable recess 14R.

The operating device 10 includes a second biasing member 110. The secondbiasing member 110 is attached to the pivot pin 100 to bias theintermediate member 104 toward the adjustment screw 106 relative to theoperating member 14. The pivot pin 100 supports the second biasingmember 110 relative to the base member 12.

As seen in FIG. 12, the operating device 10 includes a third biasingmember 111. The third biasing member 111 is attached to the base member12 to bias the coupling rod 94 toward the intermediate member 104relative to the base member 12. The pivot pin 100 supports the thirdbiasing member 111 relative to the base member 12.

As seen in FIG. 14, the first end 94A of the coupling rod 94 is incontact with a first groove end 96A of the first guide groove 96 in arest state where the piston 82 is in the initial position P21 (FIG. 12).The first biasing member 90 and the third biasing member 111 press thefirst end 94A of the coupling rod 94 against the first groove end 96A ofthe first guide groove 96 in the rest state where the piston 82 is inthe initial position P21 (FIG. 12).

As seen in FIG. 15, the second end 94B of the coupling rod 94 is incontact with a second groove end 98A of the second guide groove 98 inthe rest state where the piston 82 is in the initial position P21 (FIG.12). The first biasing member 90 and the third biasing member 111 pressthe second end 94B of the coupling rod 94 against the second groove end98A of the second guide groove 98 in the rest state where the piston 82is in the initial position P21 (FIG. 12).

As seen in FIG. 12, the first biasing member 90 applies a first biasingforce BF1 to the piston 82. The second biasing member 110 (FIG. 19)applies a second biasing force BF2 to the intermediate member 104. Thethird biasing member 111 applies a third biasing force BF3 to thecoupling rod 94. The first biasing force BF1 is larger than the thirdbiasing force BF3. However, the first biasing force BF1 can be equal toor smaller than the third biasing force BF3.

The base member 12 includes a reservoir bore 112. The reservoir bore 112has a reservoir center axis A3. The reservoir bore 112 extends along thereservoir center axis A3. In this embodiment, the cylinder center axisA2 extends along the reservoir center axis A3. The cylinder center axisA2 is parallel to the reservoir center axis A3. However, the cylindercenter axis A2 can be non-parallel to the reservoir center axis A3.

The operating device 10 comprises a diaphragm 114, a lid 116, a stopper118, and a reservoir plug 120. The diaphragm 114 is provided in thereservoir bore 112 to close an end opening 112A of the reservoir bore112. The reservoir bore 112 and the diaphragm 114 define a reservoirchamber 122. The lid 116 is attached to the base member 12 to hold anend of the diaphragm 114 between the lid 116 and the base member 12. Thestopper 118 is secured to the base member 12 to prevent the lid 116 frombeing unintentionally removed from the base member 12. The base body 38of the base member 12 includes a threaded hole 124 connected to thereservoir bore 112. The reservoir plug 120 is threadedly engaged in thethreaded hole 124.

The base member 12 includes a plurality of connecting holes 126 and 128connecting the reservoir bore 112 to the cylinder bore 83. The hydraulicchamber 88 is in fluid communication with the reservoir chamber 122 viathe connecting hole 128 in a state where the piston 82 is in the initialposition P21. The first seal member 84 blocks the fluid communicationbetween the connecting hole 126 and the hydraulic chamber 88 after thefirst seal member 84 moves beyond the connecting hole 128 when thepiston 82 moves from the initial position P21 toward the actuatedposition P22.

As seen in FIG. 12, the pivot axis A1 is provided above the cylindercenter axis A2 as viewed along the pivot axis A1 in a mounting statewhere the base member 12 is mounted to the handlebar HB. The pivot axisA1 is provided above the reservoir center axis A3 as viewed along thepivot axis A1 in the mounting state. However, the pivot axis A1 can beprovided below the cylinder center axis A2 or in a position which is thesame as the position of the cylinder center axis A2 as viewed along thepivot axis A1 in the mounting state. The pivot axis A1 can be providedbelow the reservoir center axis A3 or in a position which is the same asthe position of the reservoir center axis A3 as viewed along the pivotaxis A1 in the mounting state.

As seen in FIG. 20, the cylinder center axis A2 is offset from thereservoir center axis A3 in the pivot axis direction D1 parallel to thepivot axis A1 (FIG. 12). The cylinder center axis A2 is offset from thereservoir center axis A3 in the perpendicular direction D3 perpendicularto both the pivot axis A1 (FIG. 12) and the cylinder center axis A2. Thepivot axis A1 (FIG. 12) is provided above the cylinder center axis A2and above the reservoir center axis A3 as viewed along the cylindercenter axis A2 in the mounting state where the base member 12 is mountedto the handlebar HB. The reservoir center axis A3 is provided above thecylinder center axis A2 as viewed along the cylinder center axis A2 inthe mounting state where the base member 12 is mounted to the handlebarHB.

The reservoir bore 112 has a cylindrical shape extending along thereservoir center axis A3. In this embodiment, the base member 12includes a cylinder 129 having the reservoir bore 112. The reservoirbore 112 has a round cross-section taken along a plane perpendicular tothe reservoir center axis A3. However, the cross-sectional shape of thereservoir bore 112 is not limited to this embodiment. The cross-sectionof the reservoir bore 112 can have other shapes such as a polygonalshape or an elliptical shape. In other words, the cylindrical shape canindicate not only a shape having the round cross-section but also ashape having other cross-section e.g., a polygonal cross-section, anelliptical cross-section and so on as long as the reservoir bore 112extends along the reservoir center axis A3, in this description.

The cylinder bore 83 has a cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1. Thereservoir bore 112 has a reservoir maximum inner diameter DM2. Thereservoir maximum inner diameter DM2 is larger than the cylinder maximuminner diameter DM1. A first offset distance DS1 is defined between thecylinder center axis A2 and the reservoir center axis A3 in the pivotaxis direction D1. The first offset distance DS1 is smaller than atleast one of the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and the reservoirmaximum inner diameter DM2. The first offset distance DS1 is smallerthan at least one of a half of the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1and a half of the reservoir maximum inner diameter DM2.

In this embodiment, the first offset distance DS1 is smaller than boththe cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and the reservoir maximum innerdiameter DM2. The first offset distance DS1 is smaller than both thehalf of the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and the half of thereservoir maximum inner diameter DM2. However, the reservoir maximuminner diameter DM2 can be equal to or smaller than the cylinder maximuminner diameter DM1. The first offset distance DS1 can be smaller thanthe cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 or the reservoir maximum innerdiameter DM2. The first offset distance DS1 can be smaller than the halfof the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 or the half of the reservoirmaximum inner diameter DM2. The first offset distance DS1 can be equalto or larger than at least one of the cylinder maximum inner diameterDM1 and the reservoir maximum inner diameter DM2. The first offsetdistance DS1 can be equal to or larger than at least one of a half ofthe cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and a half of the reservoirmaximum inner diameter DM2.

A second offset distance DS2 is defined between the cylinder center axisA2 and the reservoir center axis A3 in the perpendicular direction D3perpendicular to both the pivot axis A1 and the cylinder center axis A2.The first offset distance DS1 is smaller the second offset distance DS2.The second offset distance DS2 is larger than at least one of a half ofthe cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and a half of the reservoirmaximum inner diameter DM2. The second offset distance DS2 is largerthan at least one of the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and thereservoir maximum inner diameter DM2.

In this embodiment, the second offset distance DS2 is larger than boththe half of the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and the half of thereservoir maximum inner diameter DM2. The second offset distance DS2 islarger than both the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and thereservoir maximum inner diameter DM2. However, the first offset distanceDS1 can be equal to or larger than the second offset distance DS2. Thesecond offset distance DS2 can be larger than the half of the cylindermaximum inner diameter DM1 or the half of the reservoir maximum innerdiameter DM2. The second offset distance DS2 can be larger than thecylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 or the reservoir maximum innerdiameter DM2. The second offset distance DS2 can be equal to or smallerthan at least one of the half of the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1and the half of the reservoir maximum inner diameter DM2. The secondoffset distance DS2 can be equal to or smaller than at least one of thecylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and the reservoir maximum innerdiameter DM2.

For example, each of the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and thereservoir maximum inner diameter DM2 ranges from 5 mm to 15 mm. In thisembodiment, the cylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 is 10 mm. Thereservoir maximum inner diameter DM2 is 10.4 mm. However, each of thecylinder maximum inner diameter DM1 and the reservoir maximum innerdiameter DM2 is not limited to this embodiment and the above range.

For example, the first offset distance DS1 ranges from 1 mm to 15 mm.The first offset distance DS1 preferably ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm. Thesecond offset distance DS2 ranges from 3 mm to 25 mm. The second offsetdistance DS2 preferably ranges from 6 m to 18 mm. In this embodiment,the first offset distance DS1 is 2 mm, and the second offset distanceDS2 is 12.6 mm. However, each of the first offset distance DS1 and thesecond offset distance DS2 is not this embodiment and the above ranges.

As seen in FIG. 21, the base member 12 includes a hole 130 extendingfrom the cylinder bore 83 to an end opening 132. The end opening 132 isprovided below the cylinder center axis A2 in a mounting state where thebase member 12 is mounted to the handlebar HB. The hole 130 has a holecenter axis A4 inclined relative to the reference plane RP perpendicularto the pivot axis A1 (FIG. 13) as viewed along the cylinder center axisA2. The hole center axis A4 intersects with the cylinder center axis A2.However, the hole center axis A4 can be offset from the cylinder centeraxis A2. The base body 38 includes a tubular part 134 and an additionaltubular part 136. The tubular part 134 includes the cylinder bore 83.The additional tubular part 136 includes the hole 130 and the endopening 132. The additional tubular part 136 extends from the tubularpart 134 along the hole center axis A4.

The operating device 10 further comprises a plug 138 provided in thehole 130 to close the hole 130. The plug 138 is provided between thecylinder bore 83 and the end opening 132. The plug 138 is provided belowthe cylinder center axis A2 in the mounting state. The hole 130 includesa threaded hole 130A. The plug 138 includes an externally threaded part138A threadedly engaged in the threaded hole 130A. The operating device10 further comprises a stop pin 140 attached to the base member 12. Theplug 138 is provided between the cylinder bore 83 and the stop pin 140.The plug 138 is attached to the additional tubular part 136. The basemember 12 includes an attachment hole 142. The stop pin 140 is providedin the attachment hole 142. The hole 130, the plug 138, and the stop pin140 can be omitted from the operating device 10.

The base member 12 includes an additional hole 144 extending from thecylinder bore 83 toward an opposite side of the hole 130. The additionalhole 144 has an additional-hole center axis A5 coaxial with the holecenter axis A4. The base member 12 includes an output passageway 146.The output passageway 146 is configured to be in fluid communicationwith the hydraulic operated device 2. The additional hole 144 connectsthe cylinder bore 83 to the output passageway 146. The additional hole144 extends from the cylinder bore 83 to avoid the reservoir bore 112 asviewed along the cylinder center axis A2. However, the structure of theadditional hole 144 is not limited to this embodiment. The additionalhole 144 can be omitted from the base member 12.

As seen in FIG. 22, the base member 12 includes an additional member 148attached to the base body 38 to at least partly cover the tubular part134 of the base body 38. The additional member 148 includes an opening148A. The additional tubular part 136 is provided in the opening 148A ina state where the additional member 148 is attached to the base body 38.The additional member 148 is a separate member from the base body 38 andthe grip cover 40. However, the additional member 148 can be integrallyprovided with one of the base body 38 and the grip cover 40 as aone-piece unitary member. In this embodiment, the additional member 148is attached to the base body 38 with an adhesive. However, theadditional member 148 can be attached to the base body 38 with anotherattachment structure such as a screw. An exposure percentage of an outercircumferential surface of the tubular part 134 to an entire outercircumferential surface of a completely tubular part ranges from 80% to95%. In this embodiment, the exposure percentage is 92%. However, theexposure percentage is not limited to this embodiment and the aboverange.

As seen in FIG. 23, the operating device 10 further comprises anelectrical switch SW1, SW2, and/or SW3 configured to receive a userinput. The electrical switch SW1, SW2, and/or SW3 is disposed on atleast one of the base member 12 and the operating member 14. In thisembodiment, the electrical switch SW1 is provided on the operatingmember 14. The electrical switch SW2 is provided on the operating member14. The electrical switch SW3 is provided on the base member 12. Namely,the electrical switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 can be disposed on both thebase member 12 and the operating member 14. However, the electricalswitch can be disposed on only the base member 12 or only the operatingmember 14. The electrical switch can be disposed on other members of theoperating device 10.

The electrical switch SW1 is configured to receive a user upshift inputU1. The electrical switch SW2 is configured to receive a user downshiftinput U2. The electrical switch SW3 is configured to receive anadditional user input U3 other than the user upshift input U1 and theuser downshift input U2. However, the electrical switch SW3 can beconfigured to receive one of the user upshift input U1 and the userdownshift input U2.

In this embodiment, the electrical switch SW3 is attached to the pommelportion 21. The base body 38 includes a base part 38A and a pommel frame38B. The base part 38A includes an upper surface 38C. The upper surface38C is provided above the pivot axis A1 in the mounting state where thebase body 38 is mounted to the handlebar HB. The pommel frame 38B isprovided on the upper surface 38C and extends from the upper surface 38Con an opposite side of the pivot axis A1. The electrical switch SW3 issecured to the pommel frame 38B. However, the position of the electricalswitch SW3 is not limited to this embodiment.

The electrical switch SW3 includes a switch holder SW31 and a switchunit SW32. The switch holder SW31 is secured to the pommel frame 38B.The switch unit SW32 is secured to the switch holder SW31. The switchunit SW32 includes a base plate SW33 and a user operating portion SW34.The base plate SW33 is attached to the switch holder SW31. The useroperating portion SW34 is movably attached to the base plate SW33 toreceive the additional user input U3. The user operating portion SW34faces in the first pivot axis direction D11.

As seen in FIG. 24, the electrical switch SW3 is offset from thereference plane RP in the pivot axis direction D1. Thus, the user canreliably operate the electrical switch SW3. Specifically, the useroperating portion SW34 is provided closer to the first additionallateral surface 42 than to the second additional lateral surface 48 inthe pivot axis direction D1. The user operating portion SW34 is movablerelative to the switch holder SW31 in an operation direction D4. Theoperation direction D4 is non-perpendicular to the reference plane RP.The operation direction D4 is non-parallel to the reference plane RP.The operation direction D4 is inclined relative to the reference planeRP. The perpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22) is defined perpendicular toboth the pivot axis A1 and the cylinder center axis A2. The operationdirection D4 is non-parallel to the cylinder center axis A2 as viewed inthe perpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22). The operation direction D4 isinclined relative to the cylinder center axis A2 as viewed in theperpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22). However, the operation directionD4 can be perpendicular to the reference plane RP. The operationdirection D4 can be parallel to the reference plane RP. The operationdirection D4 can be perpendicular to the cylinder center axis A2 asviewed in the perpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22). The operationdirection D4 can be parallel to the cylinder center axis A2 as viewed inthe perpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22).

As seen in FIG. 25, the pommel frame 38B includes a base frame 38D, afirst rib 38E, and a second rib 38F. The base frame 38D is provided onthe upper surface 38C of the base part 38A and extends from the uppersurface 38C. The first rib 38E and the second rib 38F are provided onthe upper surface 38C of the base part 38A and extend from the uppersurface 38C. The first rib 38E is spaced apart from the second rib 38F.

As seen in FIG. 26, the base frame 38D has an attachment surface 38Gfacing the operation direction D4. The pommel frame 38B includes afourth rib 38H. The fourth rib 38H extends from the attachment surface38G in the operation direction D4 to provide an attachment recess 38R.The electrical switch SW3 is provided in the attachment recess 38R. Inthis embodiment, the electrical switch SW3 is attached to the pommelframe 38B detachably without substantial damage. For example, theelectrical switch SW3 is attached to the pommel frame 38B with fastenerssuch as screws. The electrical switch SW3 can be replaced with othercomponents. Examples of the other components include another switch anda unit having substantially the same shape as that of the electricalswitch SW3.

As seen in FIG. 24, the attachment surface 38G is non-perpendicular tothe cylinder center axis A2 as viewed in the perpendicular direction D3(FIG. 22). The attachment surface 38G is non-parallel to the cylindercenter axis A2 as viewed in the perpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22).The attachment surface 38G is inclined relative to the cylinder centeraxis A2 as viewed in the perpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22). However,the attachment surface 38G can be perpendicular to the cylinder centeraxis A2 as viewed in the perpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22). Theattachment surface 38G can be parallel to the cylinder center axis A2 asviewed in the perpendicular direction D3 (FIG. 22).

As seen in FIG. 27, the operating device 10 further comprises acontroller CR electrically connected to the electrical switch SW3 togenerate a control signal based on an operation of the electrical switchSW3. Examples of the control signal include a control signal to controlan electric device such as a bicycle seatpost, a bicycle suspension, abicycle shifting device, a cycle computer, or a smart phone. Thecontroller CR can be omitted from the operating device 10 or provided ona device other than the operating device 10.

The controller CR includes a processor CR1, a memory CR2, and a circuitboard CR3. The processor CR1 and the memory CR2 are electrically mountedon the circuit board CR3. The processor CR1 is electrically connected tothe memory CR2 with the circuit board CR3. The processor CR1 includes acentral processing unit (CPU). The memory CR2 stores programs and otherinformation. The memory CR2 includes a read only memory (ROM) and arandom-access memory (RAM). For example, a program stored in the memoryCR2 is read into the processor CR1, and thereby an algorithm of thecontroller CR is performed.

As seen in FIG. 28, the circuit board CR3 is attached to the base plateSW33 of the electrical switch SW3. The controller CR is integrated inthe electrical switch SW3. In other words, the electrical switch SW3 isprovided on the controller CR. In this embodiment, the switch unit SW32includes a switch circuit SW35. The switch circuit SW35 is electricallymounted on the circuit board CR3. For example, the switch circuit SW35includes a normally-open switch. However, the switch circuit SW35 caninclude other type of switch.

The user operating portion SW34 is contactable with the switch circuitSW35. The switch unit SW32 includes a flexible support SW36. Theflexible support SW36 is attached to the base plate SW33 and movablysupports the user operating portion SW34 in the operation direction D4relative to the base plate SW33. In this embodiment, the user operatingportion SW34 is integrally provided with the flexible support SW36 as aone-piece unitary member. However, the user operating portion SW34 canbe a separate member from the flexible support SW36.

As seen in FIG. 27, the operating device 10 further comprises a cableconnector CC provided at one of the base member 12 and the operatingmember 14. In this embodiment, the cable connector CC is provided at thebase member 12. However, the cable connector CC can be provided at theoperating member 14. The cable connector CC is electrically connected tothe controller CR with a control cable 150. The cable connector CCincludes a connection port CC1 (FIG. 29) to detachably receive theelectric control cable 5 to electrically connect the electric controlcable 5 to the controller CR.

As seen in FIG. 29, the base body 38 includes a connector attachmentrecess 152. The cable connector CC is provided in the connectorattachment recess 152. The cable connector CC can be omitted from theoperating device 10 or provided at a device other than the operatingdevice 10.

As seen in FIG. 27, the operating device 10 comprises a communicator CMconfigured to transmit the control signal generated by the controllerCR. In this embodiment, the communicator CM is configured to transmitthe control signal generated by the controller CR using power linecommunication technology. However, the communicator CM can be configuredto wirelessly transmit the control signal generated by the controllerCR. In such an embodiment, the operating device 10 can comprise a powersupply mounted in the electrical switch SW1, the electrical switch SW2,the electrical switch SW3, the controller CR, and/or the cable connectorCC. Examples of the power supply include a battery and an electricitygeneration device (e.g., a piezoelectric element).

Power line communication (PLC) carries data on a conductor that is alsoused simultaneously for electric power transmission or electric powerdistribution to the electric devices 4 and 6. The communicator CMreceives the control signal generated by the controller CR. Thecommunicator CM superimposes the control signal on a power sourcevoltage flowing in the electric control cable 5. The power sourcevoltage is supplies from a power supply BT (e.g., a battery) with theelectric control cable 5.

The electrical switches SW1 and SW2 are electrically connected to thecontroller CR. In this embodiment, the electrical switches SW1 and SW2are electrically connected to the controller CR with a control cable154. The controller CR respectively generates an upshift control signaland a downshift control signal based on the user upshift input U1 andthe user downshift input U2. The controller CR can be configured torespectively control separate devices in response to control signalsgenerated based on the electrical switches SW1, SW2, and SW3. Thecontroller CR can be configured to control one device in response tocontrol signals generated based on at least two of the electricalswitches SW1, SW2, and SW3.

Second Embodiment

An operating device 210 in accordance with a second embodiment will bedescribed below referring to FIGS. 30 and 31. The operating device 210has the same structure as that of the operating device 10 except for thebase body 38. Thus, elements having substantially the same function asthose in the first embodiment will be numbered the same here and willnot be described and/or illustrated again in detail here for the sake ofbrevity.

As seen in FIGS. 30 and 31, the operating device 210 comprises a basemember 212 including a base body 238. The base member 212 hassubstantially the same structure as that of the base member 12. The basebody 238 has substantially the same structure as that of the base body38. In this embodiment, the position PA1 of the pivot axis A1 can bechanged to at least one other positions. For example, the base body 238includes additional pivot holes 101C and 101D in addition to the pivotholes 101A and 101B. The position PA1 of the pivot axis A1 can bechanged to a position PA2 by inserting the pivot pin 100 into theadditional pivot holes 101C and 101D. Thus, the base body 238 can beshared with different types of the operating device. Furthermore, theuser can change the position of the pivot axis A1 in accordance with thesize of the user's hand. The positional relationship between thepositions PA1 and PA2 is not limited to this embodiment. For example,the positions PA1 and PA2 can be arranged in the perpendicular directionD3 while the positions PA1 and PA2 are arranged in the longitudinaldirection D2 in the second embodiment.

Third Embodiment

An operating device 310 in accordance with a third embodiment will bedescribed below referring to FIGS. 32 and 33. The operating device 310has the same structure as that of the operating device 10 except for theoperating member 14. Thus, elements having substantially the samefunction as those in the above embodiments will be numbered the samehere and will not be described and/or illustrated again in detail herefor the sake of brevity.

In the first embodiment, as seen in FIG. 4, the operating member 14substantially linearly extends from the proximal end 14A to the distalend 14B as viewed in the longitudinal direction D2 (FIG. 2) of the basemember 12. As seen in FIG. 32, the operating device 310 comprises anoperating member 314. The operating member 314 has substantially thesame structure as that of the operating member 14 of the firstembodiment. The operating member 314 extends from the proximal end 14Ato the distal end 14B such that the distal end 14B is offset from theproximal end 14A in the pivot axis direction D1 as viewed along thecylinder center axis A2. As seen in FIG. 33, the operating member 314includes lever recess 14C and the projection 14D.

Fourth Embodiment

An operating device 410 in accordance with a fourth embodiment will bedescribed below referring to FIGS. 34 to 36. The operating device 410has the same structure as that of the operating device 10 except for thebase member 12. Thus, elements having substantially the same function asthose in the above embodiments will be numbered the same here and willnot be described and/or illustrated again in detail here for the sake ofbrevity.

As seen in FIG. 34, the operating device 410 comprises a base member412. The base member 412 has substantially the same structure as that ofthe base member 12 of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the basemember 412 includes at least one projecting part provided on an outersurface of the base member 412. The base member 412 includes a firstprojecting part 413A, a second projecting part 413B, and a thirdprojecting part 413C. The first projecting part 413A is provided on thegrip cover 40 to improve grip of the base member 412. The secondprojecting part 413B is provided on the grip cover 40 to improve grip ofthe base member 412. The third projecting part 413C is provided on thegrip cover 40 to improve grip of the base member 412.

The first projecting part 413A is provided on the reference surface 74.The second projecting part 413B is provided on the reference surface 74.The third projecting part 413C is provided on the reference surface 74.However, at least one of the first projecting part 413A, the secondprojecting part 413B, and the third projecting part 413C can be providedin other positions such as the first surface 78 or the curved surface81.

In this embodiment, the first projecting part 413A, the secondprojecting part 413B, and the third projecting part 413C are spacedapart from each other. However, at least one of the first projectingpart 413A, the second projecting part 413B, and the third projectingpart 413C can be integrally provided with the other of the firstprojecting part 413A, the second projecting part 413B, and the thirdprojecting part 413C as a one-piece part.

In this embodiment, the base member 412 includes a plurality of firstprojecting parts 413A, a plurality of second projecting parts 413B, anda plurality of third projecting parts 413C. A total number of the firstprojecting parts 413A is not limited to this embodiment. A total numberof the second projecting parts 413B is not limited to this embodiment. Atotal number of the third projecting parts 413C is not limited to thisembodiment.

The first projecting part 413A has a first width W41. The secondprojecting part 413B has a second width W42. The third projecting part413C has a third width W43. The first width W41, the second width W42,and the third width W43 are equal to each other. However, at least oneof the first width W41, the second width W42, and the third width W43can be different from the other of the first width W41, the second widthW42, and the third width W43.

The second projecting part 413B extends in a direction different from adirection in which the first projecting part 413A extends and adirection in which the third projecting part 413C extends as viewed inthe perpendicular direction D3. As seen in FIG. 35, however, thedirection of the second projecting part 413B can be identical to thedirection of the first projecting part 413A and the direction of thethird projecting part 413C as viewed in the perpendicular direction D3.

As seen in FIG. 36, the first projecting part 413A has a first amount ofprotrusion AP41 defined from the reference surface 74. The secondprojecting part 413B has a second amount of protrusion AP42 defined fromthe reference surface 74. The third projecting part 413C has a thirdamount of protrusion AP43 defined from the reference surface 74. Thefirst amount of protrusion AP41 is different from the second amount ofprotrusion AP42 and the third amount of protrusion AP43. The firstamount of protrusion AP41 is smaller than the second amount ofprotrusion AP42 and the third amount of protrusion AP43. The secondamount of protrusion AP42 is equal to the third amount of protrusionAP43. However, the first amount of protrusion AP41 can be equal to orlarger than the second amount of protrusion AP42 and/or the third amountof protrusion AP43. The second amount of protrusion AP42 can bedifferent from the third amount of protrusion AP43.

Fifth Embodiment

An operating device 510 in accordance with a fifth embodiment will bedescribed below referring to FIGS. 37 and 38. The operating device 510has the same structure as that of the operating device 410 except forthe arrangement of the first projecting part 413A, the second projectingpart 413B, and the third projecting part 413C. Thus, elements havingsubstantially the same function as those in the above embodiments willbe numbered the same here and will not be described and/or illustratedagain in detail here for the sake of brevity.

As seen in FIG. 37, the operating device 510 comprises a base member512. The base member 512 has substantially the same structure as that ofthe base member 412 of the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, thebase member 512 includes at least one projecting part provided on anouter surface of the base member 512. The base member 512 includes afirst projecting part 513A and a second projecting part 513B. The basemember 512 includes a plurality of first projecting parts 513A and aplurality of second projecting parts 513B. Parts corresponding to thethird projecting part 413C are omitted from the base member 512.

At least one of the first projecting parts 513A is provided on the firstsurface 78. The remaining of the first projecting parts 513A is providedon the curved surface 81. The plurality of second projecting parts 513Bis provided on the reference surface 74. However, the plurality of firstprojecting parts 513A can be provided on only the first surface 78 oronly the curved surface 81. The plurality of first projecting parts 513Acan be at least partly provided on the reference surface 74. Theplurality of second projecting parts 513B can be at least partlyprovided on at least one of the first surface 78 and the curved surface81.

The first projecting part 513A has a first width W51. The secondprojecting part 513B has a second width W52. The first width W51 isdifferent from the second width W52. In this embodiment, the first widthW51 is larger than the second width W52. However, the first width W51can be equal to or smaller than the second width W52.

As seen in FIG. 38, the first projecting part 513A has a first amount ofprotrusion AP51 defined from the first surface 78 or the curved surface81. The second projecting part 513B has a second amount of protrusionAP52 defined from the reference surface 74. The first amount ofprotrusion AP51 is different from the second amount of protrusion AP52.In this embodiment, the first amount of protrusion AP51 is smaller thanthe second amount of protrusion AP52. However, the first amount ofprotrusion AP51 can be equal to or larger than the second amount ofprotrusion AP52.

Sixth Embodiment

An operating device 610 in accordance with a sixth embodiment will bedescribed below referring to FIGS. 39 and 40. The operating device 610has the same structure as that of the operating device 410 except forthe arrangement of the first projecting part 413A, the second projectingpart 413B, and the third projecting part 413C. Thus, elements havingsubstantially the same function as those in the above embodiments willbe numbered the same here and will not be described and/or illustratedagain in detail here for the sake of brevity.

As seen in FIG. 39, the operating device 610 comprises a base member612. The base member 612 has substantially the same structure as that ofthe base member 412 of the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, thebase member 612 includes at least one projecting part provided on anouter surface of the base member 612. The base member 612 includes afirst projecting part 613A and a second projecting part 613B. The basemember 612 includes a plurality of first projecting parts 613A and aplurality of second projecting parts 613B. Parts corresponding to thethird projecting part 413C are omitted from the base member 612.

The plurality of first projecting parts 613A is provided on the curvedsurface 81. The plurality of second projecting parts 613B is provided onthe reference surface 74. However, the plurality of first projectingparts 613A can be at least partly provided on other surfaces such as thereference surface 74 and the first surface 78. The plurality of secondprojecting parts 613B can be at least partly provided on other surfacessuch as the first surface 78 and the curved surface 81.

The first projecting part 613A has a first width W61. The secondprojecting part 613B has a second width W62. The first width W61 isdifferent from the second width W62. In this embodiment, the first widthW61 is constant in the first projecting part 613A. The second width W62varies from one end of the second projecting part 613B to the other endof the second projecting part 613B. The second width W62 is equal to orlarger than the first width W61. However, the first width W61 can varyfrom one end of the first projecting part 613A to the other end of thefirst projecting part 613A. The second width W62 can be constant in thesecond projecting part 613B.

As seen in FIG. 40, the first projecting part 613A has a first amount ofprotrusion AP61 defined from the curved surface 81. The secondprojecting part 613B has a second amount of protrusion AP62 defined fromthe reference surface 74. The first amount of protrusion AP61 isdifferent from the second amount of protrusion AP62. In this embodiment,the first amount of protrusion AP61 varies from one end of the firstprojecting part 613A to the other end of the first projecting part 613A.The second amount of protrusion AP62 varies from one end of the secondprojecting part 613B to the other end of the second projecting part613B. However, the first amount of protrusion AP61 can be constant inthe first protruding part 613A. The second amount of protrusion AP62 canbe constant in the second protruding part 613B.

Seventh Embodiment

An operating device 710 in accordance with a seventh embodiment will bedescribed below referring to FIG. 41. The operating device 710 has thesame structure as that of the operating device 410 except for thearrangement of the first projecting part 413A, the second projectingpart 413B, and the third projecting part 413C. Thus, elements havingsubstantially the same function as those in the above embodiments willbe numbered the same here and will not be described and/or illustratedagain in detail here for the sake of brevity.

As seen in FIG. 41, the operating device 710 comprises a base member712. The base member 712 has substantially the same structure as that ofthe base member 412 of the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, thebase member 712 includes at least one projecting part provided on anouter surface of the base member 712. The base member 712 includes afirst projecting part 713A, a second projecting part 713B, and a thirdprojecting part 713C. The base member 712 includes a plurality of firstprojecting parts 713A, a plurality of second projecting parts 713B, anda plurality of third projecting parts 713C.

The plurality of first projecting parts 713A is provided on the curvedsurface 81. The plurality of second projecting parts 713B is provided onthe reference surface 74. The plurality of third projecting parts 713Cis provided on the reference surface 74. However, the plurality of firstprojecting parts 713A can be at least partly provided on the referencesurface 74 and/or the first surface 78. The plurality of secondprojecting parts 713B can be at least partly provided on the firstsurface 78 and/or the curved surface 81.

The first projecting part 713A has a first width W71. The secondprojecting part 713B has a second width W72. The third projecting part713C has a third width W73. In this embodiment, the first width W71, thesecond width W72, and the third width W73 are equal to each other.However, at least one of the first width W71, the second width W72, andthe third width W73 can be different from the other of the first widthW71, the second width W72, and the third width W73.

The first projecting part 713A has the first amount of protrusion AP41(FIG. 36) as well as the first projecting part 413A. The secondprojecting part 713B has the second amount of protrusion AP42 (FIG. 36)as well as the second projecting part 413B. The third projecting part713C has the third amount of protrusion AP43 (FIG. 36) as well as thethird projecting part 413C. However, the amount of protrusion of thefirst projecting part 713A is not limited to this embodiment. The amountof protrusion of the second projecting part 713B is not limited to thisembodiment. The amount of protrusion of the third projecting part 713Cis not limited to this embodiment.

Eighth Embodiment

An operating device 810 in accordance with an eighth embodiment will bedescribed below referring to FIG. 42. The operating device 810 has thesame structure as that of the operating device 410 except for thearrangement of the first projecting part 413A, the second projectingpart 413B, and the third projecting part 413C. Thus, elements havingsubstantially the same function as those in the above embodiments willbe numbered the same here and will not be described and/or illustratedagain in detail here for the sake of brevity.

As seen in FIG. 42, the operating device 810 comprises a base member812. The base member 812 has substantially the same structure as that ofthe base member 412 of the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, thebase member 812 includes at least one projecting part provided on anouter surface of the base member 812. The base member 812 includes afirst projecting part 813A and a second projecting part 813B. The basemember 812 includes a plurality of first projecting parts 813A and aplurality of second projecting parts 813B. Parts corresponding to thethird projecting part 413C are omitted from the base member 812.

The plurality of first projecting parts 813A is provided on thereference surface 74. The plurality of second projecting parts 813B isprovided on the reference surface 74. However, the plurality of firstprojecting parts 813A can be at least partly provided on the firstsurface 78 and/or the curved surface 81. The plurality of secondprojecting parts 813B can be at least partly provided on the firstsurface 78 and/or the curved surface 81.

The first projecting part 813A has a first width W81. The secondprojecting part 813B has a second width W82. In this embodiment, thefirst width W81 is equal to the second width W82. However, the firstwidth W81 can be different from the second width W82.

The first projecting part 813A has the first amount of protrusion AP41(FIG. 36) as well as the first projecting part 413A. The secondprojecting part 813B has the second amount of protrusion AP42 (FIG. 36)as well as the second projecting part 413B. However, the amount ofprotrusion of the first projecting part 813A is not limited to thisembodiment. The amount of protrusion of the second projecting part 813Bis not limited to this embodiment.

The first projecting part 813A includes a first part 813A1 and a secondpart 813A2. The second part 813A2 extends in a direction different froma direction in which the first part 813A1 extends. The first part 813A1is integrally provided with the second part 813A2. However, the firstpart 813A1 can be a separate part from the second part 813A2.

Ninth Embodiment

An operating device 910 in accordance with a ninth embodiment will bedescribed below referring to FIG. 43. The operating device 910 has thesame structure as that of the operating device 410 except for thearrangement of the first projecting part 413A, the second projectingpart 413B, and the third projecting part 413C. Thus, elements havingsubstantially the same function as those in the above embodiments willbe numbered the same here and will not be described and/or illustratedagain in detail here for the sake of brevity.

As seen in FIG. 43, the operating device 910 comprises a base member912. The base member 912 has substantially the same structure as that ofthe base member 412 of the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, thebase member 912 includes at least one projecting part provided on anouter surface of the base member 912. The base member 912 includes afirst projecting part 913A and a second projecting part 913B. The basemember 912 includes a plurality of first projecting parts 913A and aplurality of second projecting parts 913B. Parts corresponding to thethird projecting part 413C are omitted from the base member 912.

The plurality of first projecting parts 913A is provided on thereference surface 74. The plurality of second projecting parts 913B isprovided on the reference surface 74. However, the plurality of firstprojecting parts 913A can be at least partly provided on the firstsurface 78 and/or the curved surface 81. The plurality of secondprojecting parts 913B can be at least partly provided on the firstsurface 78 and/or the curved surface 81.

The first projecting part 913A has a first width W91. The secondprojecting part 913B has a second width W92. In this embodiment, thefirst width W91 is equal to the second width W92. However, the firstwidth W91 can be different from the second width W82.

The first projecting part 913A has the first amount of protrusion AP41(FIG. 36) as well as the first projecting part 413A. The secondprojecting part 913B has the second amount of protrusion AP42 (FIG. 36)as well as the second projecting part 413B. However, the amount ofprotrusion of the first projecting part 913A is not limited to thisembodiment. The amount of protrusion of the second projecting part 913Bis not limited to this embodiment.

At least one of the first to ninth embodiments can be combined withanother of the first to ninth embodiments.

The term “comprising” and its derivatives, as used herein, are intendedto be open ended terms that specify the presence of the stated features,elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps, but do not excludethe presence of other unstated features, elements, components, groups,integers and/or steps. This concept also applies to words of similarmeaning, for example, the terms “have,” “include” and their derivatives.

The terms “member,” “section,” “portion,” “part,” “element,” “body” and“structure” when used in the singular can have the dual meaning of asingle part or a plurality of parts.

The ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” recited in the presentapplication are merely identifiers, but do not have any other meanings,for example, a particular order and the like. Moreover, for example, theterm “first element” itself does not imply an existence of “secondelement,” and the term “second element” itself does not imply anexistence of “first element.”

The term “pair of,” as used herein, can encompass the configuration inwhich the pair of elements have different shapes or structures from eachother in addition to the configuration in which the pair of elementshave the same shapes or structures as each other.

The terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can be usedinterchangeably herein.

Finally, terms of degree such as “substantially,” “about” and“approximately” as used herein mean a reasonable amount of deviation ofthe modified term such that the end result is not significantly changed.All of numerical values described in the present application can beconstrued as including the terms such as “substantially,” “about” and“approximately.”

Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the presentinvention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is thereforeto be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, theinvention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically describedherein.

1. An operating device comprising: a base member having a first endportion configured to be mounted to one of a dropdown portion and a barend portion of a handlebar, the base member including a cylinder borehaving a cylinder center axis, and a reservoir bore having a reservoircenter axis; and an operating member pivotally coupled to the basemember about a pivot axis, the cylinder center axis being offset fromthe reservoir center axis in a pivot axis direction parallel to thepivot axis and in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to both thepivot axis and the cylinder center axis, wherein the cylinder bore isdisposed between the operating member and the first end portion.
 2. Theoperating device according to claim 1, wherein the pivot axis isprovided above the cylinder center axis in a mounting state where thebase member is mounted to the handlebar.
 3. An operating devicecomprising: a base member configured to be mounted to one of a dropdownportion and a bar end portion of a handlebar, the base member includinga cylinder bore having a cylinder center axis, and a reservoir borehaving a reservoir center axis; and an operating member pivotallycoupled to the base member about a pivot axis, the pivot axis isprovided entirely above the cylinder bore in a mounting state where thebase member is mounted to the handlebar, the cylinder center axis beingoffset from the reservoir center axis in a pivot axis direction parallelto the pivot axis.
 4. The operating device according to claim 3, whereinthe pivot axis is provided above the reservoir center axis in themounting state.
 5. The operating device according to claim 1, whereinthe reservoir center axis is provided above the cylinder center axis ina mounting state where the base member is mounted to the handlebar. 6.The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder centeraxis is non-parallel to the reservoir center axis.
 7. The operatingdevice according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder center axis isparallel to the reservoir center axis.
 8. The operating device accordingto claim 1, wherein the reservoir bore has a round cross-sectionextending along the reservoir center axis.
 9. The operating deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein the cylinder bore has a cylinder maximuminner diameter, the reservoir bore has a reservoir maximum innerdiameter, a first offset distance is defined between the cylinder centeraxis and the reservoir center axis in the pivot axis direction, and thefirst offset distance is smaller than at least one of the cylindermaximum inner diameter and the reservoir maximum inner diameter.
 10. Theoperating device according to claim 9, wherein the first offset distanceis smaller than at least one of a half of the cylinder maximum innerdiameter and a half of the reservoir maximum inner diameter.
 11. Theoperating device according to claim 10, wherein a second offset distanceis defined between the cylinder center axis and the reservoir centeraxis in the perpendicular direction perpendicular to both the pivot axisand the cylinder center axis, and the first offset distance is smallerthe second offset distance.
 12. The operating device according to claim11, wherein the second offset distance is larger than at least one of ahalf of the cylinder maximum inner diameter and a half of the reservoirmaximum inner diameter.
 13. The operating device according to claim 12,wherein the second offset distance is larger than at least one of thecylinder maximum inner diameter and the reservoir maximum innerdiameter.
 14. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein thecylinder bore has a cylinder maximum inner diameter, the reservoir borehas a reservoir maximum inner diameter, and the reservoir maximum innerdiameter is larger than the cylinder maximum inner diameter.
 15. Anoperating device comprising: a base member including a cylinder borehaving a cylinder center axis, and a hole extending from the cylinderbore to an end opening, the end opening being provided below thecylinder center axis in a mounting state where the base member ismounted to a handlebar; an operating member pivotally coupled to thebase member about a pivot axis; and a piston movably provided in thecylinder bore and is operatively coupled to the operating member to moverelative to the base member in response to a pivotal movement of theoperating member.
 16. The operating device according to claim 15,wherein the hole has a hole center axis inclined relative to a referenceplane perpendicular to the pivot axis as viewed along the cylindercenter axis.
 17. The operating device according to claim 15, furthercomprising a plug provided in the hole to close the hole.
 18. Theoperating device according to claim 17, wherein the plug is providedbetween the cylinder bore and the end opening.
 19. The operating deviceaccording to claim 17, wherein the plug is provided below the cylindercenter axis in the mounting state.
 20. The operating device according toclaim 17, wherein the hole includes a threaded hole, and the plugincludes an externally threaded part threadedly engaged in the threadedhole.
 21. The operating device according to claim 17, further comprisinga stop pin attached to the base member, wherein the plug is providedbetween the cylinder bore and the stop pin.
 22. The operating deviceaccording to claim 15, wherein the base member includes an additionalhole extending from the cylinder bore in a direction away from the hole.23. The operating device according to claim 22, wherein the additionalhole has an additional-hole center axis coaxial with the hole centeraxis.
 24. The operating device according to claim 22, wherein the basemember includes an output passageway, and the additional hole connectsthe cylinder bore to the output passageway.
 25. The operating deviceaccording to claim 22, wherein the base member includes a reservoirbore, and the additional hole extends from the cylinder bore to avoidthe reservoir bore as viewed along the cylinder center axis.
 26. Theoperating device according to claim 1, wherein the base member includesa second end portion opposite to the first end portion, and a gripportion provided between the first end portion and the second endportion.
 27. The operating device according to claim 1, furthercomprising an electrical switch configured to receive a user input. 28.The operating device according to claim 27, wherein the electricalswitch is provided on the operating member.